In terms of evaluating the potential process improvements in terms of cleaner and sustainable production of the charging piles, the extended allowable charging time can save electricity with a higher safety factor, and the energy consumption of the used charging piles will drop by 11%.
There might be an optimal value for charging piles in terms of total charging cost. The optimal number of charging piles is related to the departure interval and electricity price. Therefore, a sensitivity analysis of the proposed model can be performed to provide a reference for planning the number of charging piles.
Does increasing the number of charging piles reduce the cost of charging?
When the number of charging piles is 3, the optimized total charging cost is CNY 1,931.11. When the number of charging piles is larger than 4, the optimized total charging cost is always CNY 1,904.78. The above results suggest that increasing the number of charging piles may reduce the cost of charging, but only to a certain extent.
Can private charging piles be supplemented to meet EV charging demands?
With the market-oriented reform of grid, it's possible to supplement private charging piles to meet the excessive charging demands of EVs . Shared charging means that private charging pile owners give the usufruct of charging piles to grid during the idle period .
What is a charging pile?
Charging piles are provided at each terminal to promptly supply power to BEBs, i.e. the O or d is taken as a charging station. The BEB can only replenish the power at the charging station. A bus can only run on one line, but there can be more than one bus on one line. BEBs on different lines can share the same charging station.
How many charging piles ncharger?
The number of charging piles ncharger is set as 2. The charging schedule optimization model for BEB constructed in this paper is a mixed-integer linear programming model, which contains fewer constraints and variables. This optimization model can be easily solved by mature commercial optimization software.
The existence and uniqueness of the GNE are proved by VI. The solution of GNE is obtained by smooth Newton method. Based on this, a hierarchical scheduling model considering shared charging piles is proposed, which coordinates charging stations and shared charging piles to determine the optimal charging time and location of EVs.