Nano-crystal semiconducting dots contain Zn, Pb, Cd, Se. Advantages of ultrasonic spray include drastic reduction in cost of capital equipment for initial investment, deagglomeration of particles held in suspension during spray process, proven scalable production solutions for migration from R&D to production. Typical materials Sono-Tek coating equipment is used for: 1. CdS – a common buffer layer used in CIGS, CDTe cells 2. Organic Cell Polymers – PEDOT, PCBM, P3HT, P3HD TCO (Transparent Conductive Oxide) consists of metals dissolved in solution having high conductive and transparent properties. Sometimes applied at high temperatures in pyrolysis. AR Coatings increase cell efficiencies by 3-4%. Sono-Tek provides coating systems for depositing: 1. SiO2 2. TiO2 3. Other formulations CNTs have potential to replace ITO in TCO layers due to abundant raw material, excellent stiction and extremely high conductivity. Sono-Tek ultrasonic nozzle provide great benefit in.