To promote the consumption of renewables in ports, based on the transportation-energy coupling characteristics of ports, a nested bi-layer energy management and capacity allocation method of hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is proposed to coordinate the imbalance between hydrogen/ electricity supply and demand. First, to coordinate the imbalance between multi-energy supply and demand, a multi-energy load model based on traffic sched. To promote the consumption of renewables in ports, based on the transportation-energy coupling characteristics of ports, a nested bi-layer energy management and capacity allocation method of hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is proposed to coordinate the imbalance between hydrogen/ electricity supply and demand. First, to coordinate the imbalance between multi-energy supply and demand, a multi-energy load model based on traffic scheduling in ports is established to realize the demand-side management of load. Then, considering carbon emission costs of ports and degradation costs of HESS, a “transportation-energy” collaborative scheduling model is proposed with the goal of optimizing the daily operating costs of ports. Furthermore, a HESS capacity allocation model is formulated with the goal of minimizing the annual operational life cycle cost of ports. Finally, to improve the accuracy and efficiency of solving the capacity allocation model, an improved model-pursuing sampling (MPS) algorithm based on the metamodel is presented. The simulation results based on port historical data show that, compared with the traditional scheduling method, the daily operating cost of the collaborative scheduling method is reduced by 7.2 %. Compared with empirical capacity, under the optimal HESS capacity, the annual cost of the port is reduced by 8.2 %. The annualized cost of ports obtained under the improved MPS algorithm is lower.••A day-ahead transportation and energy collaborative scheduling model considering carbon emission costs is proposed to realize the economic and low-carbon operation of ports.••A hybrid energy storage system capacity allocation model is proposed with the goal of minimizing the annual operational life cycle cost of ports.Hybrid energy storage systemEnergy managementCapacity allocationDemand-side managementQC, YC, RTG Quay crane, yard crane, rubber-tired gantry craneTEU Twentyfoot equivalent unitB-QC Berth and quay craneESS, HESS, P2H Energy storage system, hybrid energy storage system, power to hydrogenLiB, Elz Lithium-ion battery, electrolyzerSOC, LOH, DOD At present, seaports undertake most of the logistics transit in the world, while also leading to significant energy consumption and environmental pollution. Port equipment electrification and hydrogenation are an important means for port energy consumption transformation. It can improve the energy efficiency, reduce carbon emissions, and achieve sustainable transportation of ports. In recent years, cold ironing technology has been rapidly developed. At the same time, fixed transportation equipment such as quay cranes (QCs) have gradually realized electrification, and mobile equipment, such as container trucks, yard cranes (YCs), and rubber-tired gantry (RTG) cranes are also gradually becoming hydrogen powered. With the electrification/hydrogen power of the key logistics equipment in port, the traffic scheduling of ports not only affects logistics operations but also determines changes in port energy consumption, forming the “transportation- energy” coupling characteristics of ports.Studies have shown that renewable energy will become the most important energy source for low-carbon or even zero carbon ports in the future. In addition, if ports can realize the localized production and consumption of hydrogen energy through renewables, it can effectively utilize the efficient and clean advantages of hydrogen energy and reduce costs, further promoting cle.
