The photovoltaic technological landscape is rapidly evolving. The current push to increasingly efficient solar cells is leading to the emergence of novel technologies such as heterojunction and multijunction with specific. ••Novel high-efficient solar cell concepts emerge, requiring specific raw. Al-BSF Aluminum back surface fieldAZO Aluminum doped zinc oxideCdTe. Driven by rapid cost reduction, photovoltaic (PV) is a fast-growing market that reached a global capacity of 627 GWp at the end of 2019, sufficient to meet around 3% of global electricity deman. 2.1. PV technological landscapeThe average price of PV modules has decreased dramatically over the years, reaching around 0.17USD/Wp for polycrystalline so. 3.1. Evolution of the material composition of PV modulesThe specific requirements of metallic materials for PERC, SHJ, CIGS and III-V/Si modules are calc.